Surname List
Name Index
Sources
Spouse: Thomas EWING , Jr.. Children were: Dixon EWING.
II DONALD , King of Scotland died in 900. He is reference number 1116. Reign: 889-900
King of the Scots from 889 and successor to Eochaid and Giric. His reigncoincided with renewed invasions by the Danes, who came less to plunderand more to occupy the lands bordering Scotland and the Anglo-SaxonKingdoms. He was also embroiled in efforts to reduce highland robbertribes. By one account he was slain at Dunnottar, meeting a Danishinvasion; by another he died of infirmity brought on by his campaignsagainst the highlanders. He was succeeded by his cousin Constantine II. Parents: II CONSTANTINE , King of Scotland.
Children were: Malcolm I MACDONALD , King of Scotland.
Agathe DORSCH was born about 1480 in Wiesensteig, Donua, Baden-Wurttemburg, Germany. She died in 1559 in Wiesensteig, Donua, Baden-Wurttemburg, Germany. She is reference number 945. The family name is sometimes spelled Doersin. She died after Easter in1559
Spouse: Ulrich RENZ. Ulrich RENZ and Agathe DORSCH were married about 1500. Children were: Ulrich Renz The SECOND.
Elissie DRAKE
was born on 26 Feb 1861. She was also known as Elizabeth.
She is reference number 528.Spouse: Harvey DUNLAP. Children were: Anna L. DUNLAP.
I DUNCAN , King of Scots died on 1 Aug 1040 near Elgin, Moray, Scotland. He is reference number 1109. Reign: 1034-1040
Duncan was the grandson of Malcolm II who irregularly made him ruler ofStrathclyde when that region was absorbed into the Scottish kingdom.Malcolm violated the established system of succession whereby thekingship alternated between two branches of the royal family. UponMalcolm's death Duncan succeeded peacefully but he soon faced the rivalryof Macbeth, Mormaor (subking) of Moray, who probably had a better claimto the throne. Duncan besieged Durham unsuccessfully in 1039 and in thefollowing year was murdered by Macbeth. Duncan's elder son later killedMacbeth and ruled as King Malcolm III Canmore. Parents: CRINAN and BETHOC.
Spouse: SYBIL. Children were: Malcolm III CANMORE , King of Scotland.
Mary DUNGAN.
Spouse: Abraham VAN HORN. Abraham VAN HORN and Mary DUNGAN were married on 6 Jul 1718 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. They were married. Children were: David VAN HORN, Jacob VAN HORN, Barnard VAN HORN, Isaac VAN HORN, Abraham VAN HORN, Jeremiah VAN HORN, Mary VAN HORN, Charity VAN HORN, Martha VAN HORN.
? DUNLAP was born in New York. He is reference number 715.
Spouse: Sarah E. ???. Children were: Harvey DUNLAP.
Anna L. DUNLAP
was born on 1 Oct 1882. She is reference number 524.
Parents: Harvey DUNLAP and Elissie DRAKE.Spouse: George W. BECKLEY. Children were: Thelma H.Z. BECKLEY.
Harvey DUNLAP was born on 30 Mar 1856 in Ohio. He lived in Delaware, Delaware Ohio in 1880. In 1880 he was in Farmer. He is reference number 527. In the 1880 Federal Census, Harvey Dunlap was 24 years old, unmarried andliving with his mother who is listed as married head of the household. Parents: ? DUNLAP and Sarah E. ???.
Spouse: Elissie DRAKE. Children were: Anna L. DUNLAP.
EALDGYTH is reference number 1124. Widow of Sigeferth (son of Earngrim)
Spouse: Edmund II IRONSIDE , King of England. Edmund II IRONSIDE , King of England and EALDGYTH were married about Aug 1015. Children were: Edward ATHLING.
Christeany EARSOM was born on 18 Oct 1797. She died on 5 Feb 1863. She is reference number 349. Parents: Simon EARSOM and Margaret RANNELS.
Spouse: George Vickers MORGAN. George Vickers MORGAN and Christeany EARSOM were married on 5 May 1831. Children were: John MORGAN, Simon MORGAN, Edward Maskell MORGAN, Nancy Margaret MORGAN.
Jacob EARSOM is reference number 774. Parents: Simon EARSOM.
Spouse: Catherine. Children were: Jacob EARSOM , Jr., John EARSOM, Polly EARSOM.
Jacob EARSOM , Jr. is reference number 778. Parents: Jacob EARSOM and Catherine.
John EARSOM is reference number 776. Parents: John EARSOM and CHRISTIANA.
John EARSOM is reference number 779. Parents: Jacob EARSOM and Catherine.
John EARSOM died before 1795. He is reference number 92. Parents: Simon EARSOM.
Spouse: CHRISTIANA. Children were: John EARSOM, Simon EARSOM.
Polly EARSOM is reference number 780. Parents: Jacob EARSOM and Catherine.
Spouse: William CURLET.
Simon EARSOM is reference number 348.
Spouse: Elizabeth G. MORGAN. Simon EARSOM and Elizabeth G. MORGAN were married on 19 Mar 1829.
Simon EARSOM died about 1796 in Hampshire County, West Virginia. He is reference number 773. WILL OF SIMON EARSOM Hampshire County, West Virginia. Dated June 20,1795, presented to the court on June 20, 1796. In The Name of God Amen ISimon Earsom of Hampshire County & State of Virginia, Considering theuncertainty of this Mortal Life being Weak in Body but of Sound andperfect mind and memory Blessed be Almighty God for the same, do Make andPublish this my Last Will and Testament in Manner and form following(that is to say) First I Give and Bequeath unto Simon Earsom & JohnEarsom heirs of My Beloved Son John Earsom decd All that Tract or Parcellof Land that my Son John Lived on which is to be Divided agreeable to thePurport of My Said Son Johns Will. I also Give and Bequeath to my SonJacob Earsom four Hundred and fifty Acres of Land being the Whole of LottNo 39 Except 50 Acres which I allow to Be Joined to My Son Johns Place orTract aforementioned that my Said Son Jacob Earsom has not Liberty toSell Said Place or Tract of Land as I Allow him to have or hold SaidPremises no longer Than his natural Life at the Period of Which his twoSons Jacob Earsom & John Earsom is to Enjoy Said Tract of Land Equallybetween them both Allowing their Mother Catherine Earsom wife of JacobEarsom her thirds During her Natural Life I also Give & Bequeath to myDaughter Susannah Pancake her & her heirs the Tract or Parcel of LandWhich She now lives on Containing four hundred acres. it is my Desirethat after my Daughter Susannah's Death that Simon Pancake & John Pankakefall heirs to Said Tract of Land & Lastly as to all the Rest Residue &Remainder of My personal Estate goods & Chattles of what kind & NatureSower I Give Equally to My Sons Johns heirs to my Son Jacob Earsom & tomy Daughter Susannah Pancake I hereby Appoint Robt Parker Senr & RobtParker Junr Sole Executors of this my Last Will and Testament herebyrevoking all former Wills made by me In Witness whereof I have hereuntoset my hand & Seal this Twentyeth Day of June in the Year of Our Lord Onethousand Seven hundred & ninety five his Simon x Earsom (Seal) markSigned Sealed & Declared by the Above Named Simon Earsom to be his lastWill and Testament in the Presence of us who have hereunto Subscribed OurNames as Witnesses in the Presence of the Testator John Newman BenjaminNeale Henry Hines Richard Guffick At a Court held for Hampshire Countythe 20th day of June 1796 This Last Will & Testament of Simon Earsomdeced was proved by the oaths of John Newman, Henry Hinds & RichardGuffick three of the witnesses thereto, and the Codicil thereon endorsedby the said John Newman, and is ordered to be Recorded. Robert ParkerSenr. & Robert Parker Junr. the Executors therein named in open Courtrefused to take upon them the burden of the Execution of said Will TestAnd Wodrow CC I Simon Earsom Senr. of Hampshire County & State ofVirginia do this Eighth day of September In the Year of Our Lord onethousand seven hundred & Ninety five, make and Publish this Codicil To mylast will and Testament in manner following, (that is to say) Whereas inmy last Will & Testament I have given and Bequeathed to my Own Childrenall my Movable Property of what Sort or Nature whether Real or Personal,Out Standing Debts whether By Bond, Note or Book Acct. I do hereby order& Declare that my Will is that only My Funeral Charges be paid to them Infull of the said Legacy I have as Aforesaid Given & Bequeathed unto them& that the Remaining part of the said Legacy be given and paid to myGrand Daughter Polley Earsom Daughter of my son Jacob Earsom Now the wifeof William Curlet Both living with me, & Lastly it is my Desire that thismy present Codicil be anexed to & made a part of My last Will & Testamentto all Intents and purposes In Witness whereof I have hereunto set myhand & Seal this Day & year above Written. his Simon x Earsom (seal) markSigned, Sealed, Published & Declared by the Above Named Simon Earsom as aCodicil to be Annexed to this My last Will and Testament In the Presenceof James Rannells William Buck John Newman
Children were: John EARSOM, Jacob EARSOM, Susannah EARSOM.
Simon EARSOM was born on 5 Mar 1766 in Hampshire County, Virginia. He lived in Native of the Old Dominion. He was in Farmer. He is reference number 90. of German descent Parents: John EARSOM and CHRISTIANA.
Spouse: Margaret RANNELS. Simon EARSOM and Margaret RANNELS were married on 29 Aug 1794. Children were: Christeany EARSOM, Susannah EARSOM.
Susannah EARSOM is reference number 775. Parents: Simon EARSOM.
Spouse: Pankake.
Susannah EARSOM was born in 1804 in Hampshire County, Virginia. She died in 1850. She was also known as Susan. She is reference number 83. Parents: Simon EARSOM and Margaret RANNELS.
Spouse: Edward Lloyd MORGAN. Edward Lloyd MORGAN and Susannah EARSOM were married on 29 Aug 1828 in Champaign County, Ohio. Children were: Sarah MORGAN, ?? MORGAN, ??? MORGAN, Maskell Ewing MORGAN, Simon E. MORGAN, John M. MORGAN, Mary E. MORGAN, Edward L. Morgan JR..
ELFREDA is reference number 1126.
Spouse: Ethelred II the UNREADY , King of Kent. Ethelred II the UNREADY , King of Kent and ELFREDA were married about 985. Children were: Edmund II IRONSIDE , King of England.
ELFRIDA was born in 945. She died in 1000. She is reference number 1128.
Spouse: Edgar the PEACEFUL , King of England. Edgar the PEACEFUL , King of England and ELFRIDA were married in 965. Children were: Ethelred II the UNREADY , King of Kent.
John ELLIOTT is reference number 615. Revolutionary War Records Section. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofPensions:
Washington, D. C., February 3, 1917.
Mrs. John D. Wyker,
805 Canal Street, Decatur, Ala.
Madam: In reply to your request of 23d ult., received 3d inst., for astatement of the military history
of John Elliott, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, you will find belowthe desired information as contained in his application for pension onfile in this Bureau:
Date of enlistment or appointment, January 3, 1777, to March or April,1778; rank, Lieutenant; served under Captain Benjamin Bird and ColonelCadwalader William Butler in the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment. Battlesengaged in, Brandywine, Paoli, Germantown; residence of soldier atenlistment, Cumberland County, Pa.; date of application for pension,August 12, 1818; his claim was allowed; residence at date of application,Allegheny County, Pa.; age at date of application, 75 years, 8 months,and 17 days old on August 8, 1820. Remarks: In 1820 he resided at Canton,Stark County, Ohio, and his wife, Catherine, was 55 years old. There isno further data on file as to his wife, and it is not stated whether theyhad any children.
Respectfully,
G. M. SALTZGABER,
Commissioner.
Spouse: Catherine BROWN.
Mary ENGELFIELD is reference number 1004. Parents: Sir ENGELFIELD and Jane BROWN.
Spouse: Sir Edward MORGAN. Children were: Sir James MORGAN.
Sir ENGELFIELD is reference number 1006.
Spouse: Jane BROWN. Children were: Mary ENGELFIELD.
Edward I
Plantagenet King of ENGLAND was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, Palace,
London, England. He died on 7 Jul 1307 in Near Carlisle.
He was also known as Edward I (Longshanks) , King of England. He
was buried in Westminster, Abbey, London, England. He is reference
number 1070. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Edward I 1239-1307, king of England (1272-1307), son of and successor toHenry III. By his marriage (1254) to Eleanor of Castile Edward gainednew claims in France and strengthened the English rights to Gascony. Hereceived from his father the huge appanage of all outlying Englishdependencies, including Wales, Ireland, and the lands in France. After abrief alliance with Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, Edwardsupported his father in the Barons’ War (1263–67) and, by revitalizingthe royal party and its forces, was responsible for the crown’s triumph.From this time on the young heir was the real ruler of the realm. Hejoined (1270) the Ninth Crusade and was on his return journey when helearned of his father’s death. He did not reach England until 1274, whenhe was crowned.
Edward’s vigorous reign was characterized by constant warfare. Troublewith Llywelyn ap Gruffydd led to his successful conquest (1277–82) ofWales beyond the Welsh Marches, and in 1284 he extended the Englishadministration to Wales. In France from 1286 to 1289 he improved theadministration of Gascony. After the death in 1290 of Margaret Maid ofNorway, Edward asserted his claim to overlordship of Scotland, but Johnde Baliol (1249-1315), his choice for the throne, soon entered analliance with Philip IV of France, with whom Edward was already on badterms. Edward’s long struggle to conquer Scotland began in 1296. Hisfirst campaign was successful; he deposed Baliol and humiliated Scotlandby removing the Coronation Stone from Scone to Westminster. But while hewas heading an expedition against France in 1297 the Scots found a newleader in Sir William Wallace, who defeated the English at StirlingBridge. Edward immediately concluded a truce with Philip IV, and theEnglish claims to Gascony were finally settled favorably in the treaty of1303. In the meantime Edward invaded Scotland again and won a brilliantbut inconclusive victory at Falkirk (1298). Campaigns in the followingyears led to Wallace’s defeat (1305) and execution, but a new leader,Robert I, arose as king of a still defiant Scotland. Edward commenced anexpedition against him in 1307 but died before reaching the border.
Even more important than Edward’s military exploits were the legal andconstitutional developments of his reign; Edward has been called theEnglish Justinian. He asserted the judicial supremacy of the crown by hisquo warranto proceedings (inquiries to determine “by what warrant”private jurisdictions were held), which culminated in the statutes ofGloucester (1278) and of Quo Warranto (1290). By his law of 1285,Circumspecte agatis, he forced church courts to confine themselves toecclesiastical cases. His three statutes of Westminster (1275, 1285,1290; see Westminster, Statutes of) formulated the advances of a centuryof common law and supplemented them. By his Statute of Mortmain (1279),Edward prohibited grants of land to the church without the king’spermission. In turn the English clergy, backed by Pope Boniface VIII’sbull Clericis laicos (1296), refused in 1297 to contribute to Edward’scampaign against the French until the king boldly denied protection tothem and their goods and even threatened to confiscate all churchproperty. This action was mainly prompted by his need for funds, as washis expulsion (1290) of the Jews from England (which enabled him to seizetheir property). His expensive wars also necessitated the frequentsummoning of Parliament to grant taxes. The so-called Model Parliament of1295 included representatives of the shires, boroughs, and lesser clergy,but the composition of Edward’s parliaments varied. The increasingresistance of the country to heavy taxation and the refusal of manybarons to fight in France in 1297 forced Edward to issue a confirmationof the charters of liberties, including the Magna Carta and those signedby Henry III. The king also promised that he would collect the nonfeudalforms of taxation only with the consent of Parliament. He did not keepthis promise, however, and the last years of his reign were marked byincreasing baronial opposition to the crown. This opposition and the warwith Scotland proved to be a disastrous legacy for his son and successor,Edward II. Parents: Henry III Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Eleanor of PROVENCE.
Spouse: Eleanor of CASTILLE. Edward I Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Eleanor of CASTILLE were married on 18 Oct 1254 in Las Huelgas. Children were: Edward II Plantagenet King of ENGLAND.
Edward II
Plantagenet King of ENGLAND was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarvon Castle,
Wales. He died on 21 Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire.
He was also known as Edward II Plantagenet King of England. He was
buried in Gloucester Cathedral. He is reference number 1068.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Edward II 1284-1327, king of England (1307-27), son of Edward I andEleanor of Castile, called Edward of Carnarvon for his birthplace inWales. He became the first prince of Wales in 1301 and served in theScottish campaigns from 1301 to 1306. The prince’s dissipation caused hisfather to banish young Edward’s friend Piers Gaveston, who, however,returned to England immediately on Edward II’s succession (1307) to thethrone. Edward married Isabella of France in 1308. Edward’s reliance onGaveston, both as intimate and adviser, to the exclusion of the baronialcouncil, provoked a crisis. The barons forced Edward to banish (1308)Gaveston, but he soon returned (1309). In 1310 a baronial coalitioncompelled Edward to consent to the appointment of a committee of 21 lordsordainers to share his ruling powers. The committee drafted theOrdinances of 1311, which, in addition to banishing Gaveston, placedserious restrictions on the royal power. Gaveston was recalled (1311)again, however, and the barons resorted to arms, capturing and killingGaveston in 1312.
Edward tried to renew his father’s campaigns against Scotland, but hisforces were routed by Robert I at Bannockburn in 1314. General disorderfollowed in England, and for a while the most powerful man in the countrywas Edward’s cousin, Thomas, earl of Lancaster. Lancaster was supplanted(1318) by a moderate group of barons under Aymer de Valence, earl ofPembroke, who conciliated the king and maintained a relatively stablegovernment until 1321. In that year, Lancaster led a rebellion againstthe king’s new favorites, Hugh le Despenser (1262-1326) and his son.Lancaster was defeated and executed (1322). A Parliament at York (1322)revoked the Ordinances, and Edward, now dominated by the Despensers,regained control of the government. A truce was made (1323) with Robert Ithat virtually recognized him as king of the Scots. The Despenserscarried through some notable administrative reforms, but their avaricecaused them to make many enemies.
When trouble threatened with the new king of France (Charles IV, brotherof Edward’s queen, Isabella), the queen went as envoy to France in 1325,taking her son (later Edward III). Having been alienated by Edward’sneglect, she refused to return home while the Despensers ruled. Isabella,with her son and Roger de Mortimer, 1st earl of March, gathered a forceand in 1326 invaded England. Edward II found no one to support him andfled westward. The Despensers were executed and Edward himself wascaptured and forced to abdicate (1327). He was imprisoned in BerkeleyCastle and almost certainly murdered there. Parents: Edward I Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Eleanor of CASTILLE.
Spouse: Isabella DE FRANCE. Edward II Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Isabella DE FRANCE were married on 25 Jan 1307/8 in Boulogne, France. Children were: Edward III Plantagenet King of ENGLAND.
Edward III
Plantagenet King of ENGLAND was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle.
He was also known as Edward III Plantagenet King of England. He
is reference number 1066. Edward III of England
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
By the Grace of God, King of England
and France and Lord of Ireland
Reign January 25, 1327 - June 21, 1377
Coronation February 1, 1327
Queen Philippa of Hainault
(c. 1314-1369)
Born November 13, 1312
Windsor Castle
Died June 21, 1377
Sheen Palace
Buried Westminster
Edward III (13 November 1312 - 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. His fifty-year reign began when his father, Edward II of England, was deposed on 25 January 1327, and lasted until 1377. Among his immediate predecessors, only Henry III ruled as long, and it would be over 400 years before another monarch would occupy the throne for that duration. Edward's reign was marked by an expansion of English territory through wars in Scotland and France. Edward's parentage and his prodigious offspring provided the basis for two lengthy and significant events in European and British history, the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses, respectively.
Contents
1 Early reign
2 The Hundred Years' War
3 Domestic events and personal life
4 Issue
4.1 The sons and the Wars of the Roses
4.2 The daughters
5 External links
Early reign
Edward III was crowned on 25 January 1327, at the age of 14, and married Philippa of Hainault on 24 January 1328. The couple produced thirteen children, including five sons who reached maturity. Their eldest son and Edward's heir apparent, Edward the Black Prince (so called because he wore a black suit of armor) was born in 1330 and was a famed military leader. In the same year as Edward's marriage, his uncle Charles IV of France died without male heirs. Charles' brothers had also died without male heirs. Charles had a sister, Isabella, who was Edward's mother. This made Edward the senior surviving male descendant of King Philip IV (Charles' and Isabella's father) and gave Edward a strong claim to the French throne. (Edward's younger brother John, Earl of Cornwall, was then the only other living male descending from Philip IV. Later, daughters of Louis X and Philip V produced further male issue, such as King Charles II of Navarre, Hereditary Duke Philip of Burgundy and Count Louis of Flanders.)
Edward's accession to the throne was one of questionable legality as his father, Edward II, was still alive at the time and was deposed in order for Edward to become king. There is still a debate today whether anyone had the authority to depose him. As he was still a teenager at the time the main actors in the deposition were his mother Isabella of France and her lover, Roger Mortimer, who then proceeded to rule the country in Edward III's name.
In 1330, the eighteen-year old Edward seized control over the English court, overthrowing Mortimer, who was executed, and removing Isabella from power.
The reign of Edward III was marked by continued war with Scotland, but much more by the war with France. His first major military success was the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, which he won in support of his puppet, the new Scottish king, Edward Balliol, and to the detriment of his own brother-in-law David II of Scotland, the Bruce, claimant and husband of Edward's sister Joan of the Tower, princess of England.
The Hundred Years' War
Edward's claim to join the English and French thrones was contested by French nobles who invoked Salic law, which held that the royal succession could not pass through a female line (such as Edward's mother Isabella, or Queen Joan II of Navarre). The French nobles therefore asserted that the legitimate king of France was Philip VI, Edward's cousin and heir to Charles of Valois, a younger son of Philip III.
English Royalty
House of Plantagenet
Henry II
Children
William, Count of Poitiers
Henry the Young King
Richard I
Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany
John
Matilda of England
Leonora of England
Joan of England
Richard I
John
Children
Henry III
Richard, Earl of Cornwall
Joan of England
Isabella of England
Eleanor of England
Henry III
Children
Edward I
Margaret of England
Beatrice of England
Edmund, Earl of Lancaster
Edward I
Children
Joan of Acre
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Edward II
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
Edward II
Children
Edward III
John, Earl of Cornwall
Eleanor of Woodstock
Joan of the Tower
Edward III
Children
Edward, Prince of Wales
Lionel, Duke of Clarence
John, Duke of Lancaster
Edmund, Duke of York
Thomas, Duke of Gloucester
Grandchildren
Richard II
Philippa Plantagenet
Philippa of Lancaster
Elizabeth of Lancaster
Henry IV
Katherine of Lancaster
Edward, Duke of York
Richard, Earl of Cambridge
Constance of York
Anne of Gloucester
Richard II
Edward concluded an alliance with Emperor Louis IV in July 1337, declared war on Philip VI and finally declared himself king of France on January 26, 1340. The conflict thus commenced eventually became known as the Hundred Years' War, continuing sporadically up to the 1450s. In 1346, Edward defeated the French at the Battle of Crecy, accompanied in this campaign by his sixteen year old son, the Black Prince.
The Black Prince commanded England's victorious army at the Battle of Poitiers, in 1356. The first phase of the Hundred Years' War was concluded in 1360 with the Treaty of Brétigny, marking the height of English influence in France and providing a three million crown ransom for the release of the captured French king, John II.
While these victories were eventually reversed, and then won and lost again in the resulting generations of war, English and, later, British monarchs would continue to claim the title "King of France" until the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. Edward III quartered his coat of arms with "France Ancient", the Azure semé-de-lis (a blue shield with a tight pattern of small golden fleur de lis of the French royal house), and it remained a part of the English Coat of Arms until removed by George III. For more information see English Kings of France.
Domestic events and personal life
Edward III depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902) While the king and the prince campaigned abroad, the government was left largely in the hands of the prince's younger brother, John of Gaunt. Economic prosperity from the developing wool trade created new wealth in the kingdom, but the ravages of the bubonic plague, or Black Death, had a significant impact on the lives of his subjects. Commercial taxes became a major source of royal revenue, which had previously been largely from taxes on land. The Parliament of England became divided into two houses. At the beginning of Edward's reign, French was still the language of the English noblesse, following the Norman invasion, but by the end this had changed - in 1362 English was made the official language of the law courts.
The king also founded an order of knighthood, the Order of the Garter, allegedly as a result of an incident when a lady, with whom he was dancing at a court ball, dropped an item of intimate apparel (possibly a sanitary belt, though sources describe it as being made of velvet). Gallantly picking it up to assuage her embarrassment, Edward tied it around his own leg, and remarked Honi soit qui mal y pense ('Shame on him who thinks evil of it'), which became the motto of the Order of the Garter. The woman in the incident is known only as the "Countess of Salisbury". Some say it was Edward's daughter-in-law, Joan of Kent, but a more likely candidate is Joan's mother-in-law from her first marriage.
Despite having an unusually happy marriage, and producing thirteen children with Philippa, Edward was a notorious womaniser. After Philippa's death in 1369, Edward's mistress, Alice Perrers, became a byword for corruption.
Facing a resurgent French monarchy and losses in France, Edward asked Parliament to grant him more funds by taxing the wine and wool trades, but this was badly received in 1374-1375 as a new outbreak of bubonic plague struck. The "Good Parliament" of 1376 criticised Edward's councillors, including Alice Perrers' family, and advised him to limit his ambitions to suit his revenues.
Edward died of a stroke brought on by severe constipation in 1377 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His son Edward, the Black Prince, predeceased him in 1376, and Edward III was succeeded by his young grandson, King Richard II of England, son of Edward, the Black Prince.
Issue
Edward III is "often described as the ancestor of the British upper-middle class" (Burke's Presidential Families of the USA, 1981) because he has many millions of living descendants, mostly through his sons John of Gaunt and Lionel of Antwerp. See Royal Descent.
The sons and the Wars of the Roses
Edward III and the Black Prince. The Wars of the Roses were a civil war over the throne of England fought among the descendants of King Edward III through his five surviving adult sons. Each branch of the family had competing claims through seniority, legitimacy, and/or the gender of their ancestors.
(1) Edward, the Black Prince (1330-1376), Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Wales
The eldest son of Edward III predeceased his father and never became king. Edward's only surviving child was Richard II who ascended to the throne but produced no heirs. Richard II designated as his heir presumptive his cousin Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, senior heir of the female line, the grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, but this succession never took place as Richard II was eventually deposed and succeeded by another of Richard's cousins, Henry IV, "Bolingbroke", who was senior heir of the male line.
(2) William (16 February 1337 - 8 July 1337), he was buried at York Minster.
(3) Lionel of Antwerp (1338-1368), Duke of Clarence
Lionel also predeceased his father. Lionel's only child, Philippa, married into the powerful Mortimer family, which as noted above had exerted enormous influence during the reigns of Edward II and Edward III. Philippa's son Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March was the designated heir of Richard II (but predeceased him, leaving his young son Edmund as heir presumptive). Anne Mortimer, Edmund's eldest sister, Lionel of Antwerp's great-granddaughter, married Richard, Earl of Cambridge of the House of York, merging the Lionel/Mortimer line into the York line.
(4) John of Gaunt (1340-1399), Duke of Lancaster.
From John of Gaunt descended legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters (Henry IV, who deposed Richard II, and then Henry V and Henry VI). This line ended when Henry VI was successfully deposed by Edward IV, of the York faction, and Henry's son Edward was killed. The Lancaster kings derived their ancestry also through Blanche, wife of John Gaunt, from Edmund of Lancaster the Crouchback, who was son of Henry III of England - a legend without foundation was developed claiming that Edmund was older than his brother Edward I but passed over in the succession because of physical infirmity.
John of Gaunt's illegitimate heirs were the Beauforts, his descendants through his mistress (later, his wife) Katherine Swynford. A daughter of the house, Gaunt's great-granddaughter Margaret Beaufort, married into the House of Tudor, producing a single child who would become Henry VII. While the Beaufort offspring had been legitimized after Gaunt's eventual marriage to Swynford, this was on the condition that they be barred from ascending the throne. Undeterred by this, upon the failure of the primary Lancastrian line, the Tudors claimed precedence to the Yorks and eventually succeeded them.
[Note: John of Gaunt also had legitimate descendants through his daughters Philippa, Queen of Portugal, the mother of King Duarte of Portugal; Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter, the mother of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter; and Queen Catalina of Castile, a grand-daughter of King Pedro I and the mother of King Juan II, but these Castilians engaged in their own wars over the Spanish succession and did not assert any claims to the English throne in the Wars of the Roses - and they all were of the female line, something the Lancaster Claim avoided because they were originally secondary to certain senior female descents such as the Mortimers.]
(5) Edmund of Langley (1341-1402), Duke of York.
His descendants were the Yorks. He had two sons: Edward, Duke of York, killed fighting alongside Henry V at the battle of Agincourt, and Richard, Earl of Cambridge, executed by Henry V for treason (involving a plot to place heir presumptive Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, Cambridge's brother-in-law and cousin, on the throne). As noted above, Richard had married Anne Mortimer, this giving their son (and the House of York), through Lionel of Antwerp, a more senior claim than that of both the House of Lancaster, which descended from a younger son than Lionel, and the House of Tudor, whose legitimized Beaufort ancestors had been debarred from the throne.
(6) Thomas (1347).
(7) William of Windsor (24 June 1348 - 5 September 1348).
(8) Thomas of Woodstock (1355-1397), Duke of Gloucester.
The Great Seal of Edward III Thomas, who was one of the Lords Appellant influential under Richard II, was murdered or executed for treason, likely by the order of Richard II; his eventual heir was his daughter Anne, who married into the Stafford family, whose heirs became the Dukes of Buckingham. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, descended on his father's side from Thomas of Woodstock, and on his mother's side from John Beaufort. He rebelled against Richard III in 1483 but failed to depose him. This failed rebellion left Henry Tudor as the Lancastrians' primary candidate for the throne.
Thus, the senior Plantagenet line was ended with the death of Richard II, but not before the execution of Thomas of Woodstock for treason. The heirs presumptive through Lionel of Antwerp were passed over in favour of the powerful Henry IV, descendant of Edward III through John of Gaunt. These Lancaster kings initially survived the treason of their Edmund of Langley (York) cousins but eventually were deposed by the merged Lionel/Edmund line in the person of Edward IV. Internecine killing among the Yorks left Richard III as king, supported and then betrayed by his cousin Buckingham, the descendant of Thomas of Woodstock. Finally, the Yorks were dislodged by the remaining Lancastrian candidate, Henry VII of the House of Tudor, another descendant of John of Gaunt, who married the eldest daughter of Yorkist King Edward IV.
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The daughters
Isabella Plantagenet (1332-1382), married Enguerrand VII de Coucy, 1st Earl of Bedford
Joan Plantagenet (1335-September 2, 1348), died of the plague in Bayonne, on her way to marry Peter I of Castile
Blanche Plantagenet (1342)
Mary Plantagenet (1344-1362), married John V, Duke of Brittany
Margaret Plantagenet (1346-1361), married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Parents: Edward II Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Isabella DE FRANCE.
Spouse: Philippa of HAINULT. Edward III Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Philippa of HAINULT were married on 24 Jan 1327/28. Children were: John of GAUNT.
Henry I Beauclerc
King of ENGLAND was born about 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England.
He died on 1 Dec 1135 in St Denis-le-, Fermont, Near Gisors. He
was buried in Reading Abbey. He is reference number 1080.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Henry I, king of England 1068-1135, king of England (1100-1135), youngestson of William I. He was called Henry Beauclerc because he could write.He quarreled with his elder brothers, William II of England and RobertII, duke of Normandy, and attempted with little success to establish aterritorial base for himself on the Continent. When William II waskilled, Henry seized the treasury and had himself elected and crownedking while Robert was away on crusade. Henry issued a charter promisingto right injustices inflicted by William and to refrain from unjustdemands on the church and the barons. He also recalled Anselm from exile.His marriage (1100) to Edith (thereafter known as Matilda), daughter ofMalcolm III of Scotland and niece of Edgar Atheling, gained him somepopularity with his English (as opposed to Norman) subjects. Robertinvaded England in 1101, but the brothers reached an agreement by whichRobert renounced his claim to the English throne in return for thepromise of a pension and the surrender of Henry’s possessions inNormandy. In the succeeding years Henry defeated and banished Robert’sleading supporters in England. He then invaded (1105) Normandy, defeated(1106) Robert at Tinchebrai, and became duke of Normandy. In the meantimeHenry had become involved in a quarrel with Anselm over the layinvestiture of bishops and abbots. In a compromise settlement (1107) theking gave up investiture but retained the right to receive homage fromthe prelates. Henry’s reign continued to be troubled by uprisings inNormandy centering about Robert’s son and encouraged by Louis VI ofFrance, who was almost constantly at war with Henry. Henry’s onlylegitimate son, William Atheling, was drowned (1120), and Henry I’ssecond marriage was childless. The latter years of his reign were markedtherefore by his attempts to secure the succession for his daughterMatilda. Henry’s reign in England was one of order and progress. Royaljustice was strengthened and expanded; the Norman legal system graduallyfused with the old Anglo-Saxon. The first of the extant pipe rolls andthe first appearance of the court of Exchequer date from this reign. Parents: William I the CONQUEROR , King of England and Matilda of FLANDERS.
Spouse: Princess Matilda Of SCOTLAND. Henry I Beauclerc King of ENGLAND and Princess Matilda Of SCOTLAND were married on 6 Aug 1100 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England. Children were: Queen Of England MATILDA.
Henry III
Plantagenet King of ENGLAND was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester, Castle.
He died in Nov 1272 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. He
was buried in Westminster, Abbey, London, England. He is reference
number 1072. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Henry III, king of England 1207-72, king of England (1216-72), son andsuccessor of King John. Henry became king under a regency; WilliamMarshal, 1st earl of Pembroke, and later Pandulf acted as chief ofgovernment, while Peter des Roches was the king’s guardian. At the timeof Henry’s accession, England was torn by civil war and partiallyoccupied by the French prince Louis (later King Louis VIII). In 1217,however, the French were defeated and withdrew. Some of the Englishbarons, Louis’s former allies, continued to cause trouble; but Hubert deBurgh, chief justiciar and the greatest power in the government after1221, gradually restored order.
In 1227, Henry was granted full powers of kingship, and in 1230, withtypical willfulness and against the advice of the justiciar, he led anunsuccessful expedition to Gascony and Brittany. In 1232 the kingdismissed Hubert de Burgh, and for the next two years the government wascontrolled by Peter des Roches and his nephew (or son), Peter des Rivaux.This administration, which consisted of trained civil servants (many ofthem Poitevin), was hated by the barons, and a baronial revolt (1233–34)forced Henry to dismiss it. Henry then assumed direct control of thegovernment, but despite frequent protests from the barons and from hisbrother, Richard, earl of Cornwall, the king continued to surroundhimself with French favorites, including relatives of Eleanor of Provence(whom he married in 1236) and his own Poitevin half brothers. The latterinvolved him in a disastrous campaign (1242) to expel Louis IX of Francefrom Poitou.
In 1238, Henry had weathered a storm of baronial protest caused by thesecret marriage of his sister, Eleanor, to Simon de Montfort, earl ofLeicester. The king subsequently (1248) sent Montfort to restore Englishauthority in Gascony, but he totally alienated his former friend when herecalled him (1252) to answer charges of unjust administration. In 1254,Henry accepted the papal offer of the kingdom of Sicily for his youngerson, Edmund, earl of Lancaster, agreeing in return to finance theconquest of the kingdom from the Hohenstaufen dynasty. However, theEnglish barons, disturbed by the king’s subservience to the papacy (whichhad already resulted in large papal exactions and an influx of foreignclergy into England) and angry that they had not been consulted, refusedthe necessary funds. Threatened by the pope with excommunication, Henrywas forced to come to terms with the baronial opposition, now led bySimon de Montfort. The king accepted its plan for conciliar governmentset forth in the Provisions of Oxford (1258), supplemented by theProvisions of Westminster (1259).
Divisions in the baronial party enabled Henry to repudiate (1261) theprovisions, with papal sanction, and in 1263 war broke out. An attemptto have Louis IX of France arbitrate the dispute led to the Mise ofAmiens (1264), a declaration completely in the king’s favor, and the warwas renewed. Montfort won (1264) the battle of Lewes and summoned (1265)his famous representative Parliament. However, the heir to the throne,Prince Edward (later Edward I), led the royal troops to decisive victoryat Evesham (1265), where Simon de Montfort was killed, and by 1267 thebarons had capitulated. From 1267 on, Prince Edward actually ruled therealm, and Henry was king in name only.
Henry III has suffered at the hands of many historians, in part, becauseof the hostility of contemporary chroniclers. His long reign, however,showed progress in several respects. Learning flourished, particularly atOxford, where Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon inspired others by theirintense pursuit of knowledge and their championing of the naturalsciences. Many magnificent buildings were erected, including SalisburyCathedral and Westminster Abbey. Commerce and industry thrived, eventhough interrupted by warfare. Parents: John I Lackland Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Isabella Of ANGOULEME.
Spouse: Eleanor of PROVENCE. Henry III Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Eleanor of PROVENCE were married on 14 Jan 1235/36 in Canterbury, Cathedral. Children were: Edward I Plantagenet King of ENGLAND.
John I Lackland
Plantagenet King of ENGLAND was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford,
England. He died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire,
England. He was buried in Worcester, Cathedral. He is
reference number 1074. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.
2001.
John, king of England 1167-1216, king of England (1199-1216), son ofHenry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The king’s youngest son, John wasleft out of Henry’s original division of territory among his sons and wasnicknamed John Lackland. He was, however, his father’s favorite, anddespite the opposition of his brothers (whose rebellion of 1173-74 wasprovoked by Henry’s plans for John), he later received scatteredpossessions in England and France and the lordship of Ireland. His briefexpedition to Ireland in 1185 was badly mismanaged.
John deserted his dying father in 1189 and joined the rebellion of hisbrother Richard, who succeeded to the throne as Richard I in the sameyear. The new king generously conferred lands and titles on John. AfterRichard’s departure on the Third Crusade, John led a rebellion againstthe chancellor, William of Longchamp, had himself acknowledged (1191)temporary ruler and heir to the throne, and conspired with Philip II ofFrance to supplant Richard on the throne. This plot was successfullythwarted by those loyal to Richard, including the queen mother, Eleanorof Aquitaine. Richard pardoned John’s treachery.
On Richard’s death, John ascended the English throne to the exclusion ofhis nephew, Arthur I of Brittany. The supporters of Arthur, aided by KingPhilip, began a formidable revolt in France. At this time John alienatedpublic opinion in England by divorcing his first wife, Isabel ofGloucester, and made enemies in France by marrying Isabel of Angoulême,who had been betrothed to Hugh de Lusignan. In 1202, Arthur was defeatedand captured, and it is thought that John murdered him in 1203. Philipcontinued the war and gradually gained ground until by 1206 he was incontrol of Normandy, Anjou, Brittany, Maine, and Touraine. John had lostall his French dominions except Aquitaine and a part of Poitou, which wasa critical factor in his subsequent unpopularity.
The death (1205) of John’s chancellor, Hubert Walter, archbishop ofCanterbury, not only removed a moderating influence on the king butprecipitated a crisis with the English church. John refused (1206) toaccept the election of Stephen Langton as Walter’s successor atCanterbury, and as a result Pope Innocent III placed (1208) England underinterdict and excommunicated (1209) the king. The quarrel continued until1213 when John, threatened by the danger of a French invasion and byincreasing disaffection among the English barons, surrendered his kingdomto the pope and received it back as a papal fief.
John’s submission to the pope improved his situation. Now backed by thepope, he formed an expedition to wage war on Philip in Poitou. However,while John was at La Rochelle, his allies, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV(his nephew) and the count of Flanders, were decisively beaten by Philipat Bouvines in 1214. John had resorted to all means to secure men andmoney for his Poitou campaign, and after returning home he attempted tocollect scutage from the barons who had refused to aid him on theexpedition. Abuses of feudal customs and extortion of money from thebarons and the towns, not only by John but by Henry II and Richard I, hadaroused intense opposition, which increased in John’s unfortunate reign.The barons now rose in overwhelming force against the king, and John incapitulation set his seal on the Magna Carta at Runnymede in June, 1215.Thus, the most famous document of English constitutional history was thefruit of predominantly baronial force. John, supported by the pope,gathered forces and renewed the struggle with the barons, who sought theaid of Prince Louis of France (later Louis VIII). In the midst of thiscampaign John died, and his son, Henry III, was left to carry on theroyal cause.
John, though often cruel and treacherous, was an excellent administrator,much concerned with rendering justice among his subjects. The basic causeof his conflicts with the barons was not that he was an innovator intrying to wield an absolute royal power, but that in so doing he ignoredand contravened the traditional feudal relationship between the crown andthe nobility. The modern hostile picture of John is primarily the work ofsubsequent chroniclers, mainly Roger of Wendover and Matthew of Paris. Parents: Henry II CURTMANTLE , King of England and Eleanore of AQUITAINE.
Spouse: Isabella Of ANGOULEME. John I Lackland Plantagenet King of ENGLAND and Isabella Of ANGOULEME were married on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, France. Children were: Henry III Plantagenet King of ENGLAND.
Klara ERLEWIN is reference number 932.
Spouse: Paul MAERKLIN. Paul MAERKLIN and Klara ERLEWIN were married about 1422. Children were: Nikolaus MAERKLIN.
EUPHROSINA5 was born WFT Est 1662-1687.5 She died WFT Est 1713-1775.5 She is reference number 584.
Spouse: Johann Heinrich ZIRKLE. Johann Heinrich ZIRKLE and EUPHROSINA were married WFT Est 1690-1725.5 Children were: Johann Ludwig ZIRKLE.
Maria EVA5 died about 1776 in land sold in Virginia by eldest son Michael.5 She was born WFT Est 1692-1717.5 She is reference number 586.
Spouse: Johann Ludwig ZIRKLE. Johann Ludwig ZIRKLE and Maria EVA were married WFT Est 1719-1743.5 Children were: George Adam ZIRKLE.
Dixon EWING is reference number 787. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Rachel DIXON.
Captain Findley EWING was born about 1650 in Glasgow, Scotland. He emigrated in 1685 from From Glasgow to Londonerry, Ireland. He served in the military in 1690 in Captain in the Army of William of Orange. He is reference number 809. Findley Ewing moved from Glasgow, Scotland, to Londonderry, Ireland,about 1685 and there married Jane Porter. He was a staunch Presbyterianand an ardent advocate of liberty.
When serving as Captain under William of Orange at the Battle of theBoyne (1690), he was presented with a sword by his sovereign King Williamin recognition of conspicuous bravery. It is not known what act of valorhe was honored for. But the sword presented was silver-handled and was inpossession of the family in New Jersey when it was stolen by a slave andthe handle was melted for its metal. Before its theft, it was worn duringthe American Revolution by Dr. Thomas Ewing, an army surgeon and greatgrandson of its original owner.
The Battle of the Boyne was fought on the river of that name in easternIreland, July 12, 1690. The contestants were the forces of James II andWilliam of Orange. The result of the battle was the complete overthrow ofJames, thus forcing his abdication and establishing the rule of Williaman Mary. The anniversary of this battle is still celebrated by theOrangemen, or Irish Protestants.
A very old genealogy chart in the Library of Congress, ManuscriptsDivision, OV10, lists that Finley Ewing and Jane had four children:William, Robert, Thomas, and a daughter. Parents: James EWING.
Spouse: Jane PORTER. Captain Findley EWING and Jane PORTER were married in 1694 in Londonderry, Ireland. Children were: Findley Ewing JR., William EWING, James EWING, Robert EWING, Mary EWING, Thomas EWING , Sr..
George EWING , Sr. was born in 1754. He died in 1824. He is reference number 789. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Sarah VICKARS.
Hannah EWING died in in infancy. She is reference number 793. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Sarah VICKARS.
Hope EWING died in in infancy. She is reference number 790. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Sarah VICKARS.
James EWING is reference number 807. Parents: Thomas EWING , Sr. and Mary MASKELL.
James EWING is reference number 816. Parents: Captain Findley EWING and Jane PORTER.
James EWING was born about 1630 in Glasgow, Scotland. He is reference number 810. OUT OF SCOTLAND AND IN IRELAND
(Some Early Ewing History)
compiled by
James R. McMichael
The information in this chapter is taken from Chapter XI of Clan Ewing ofScotland with some information included from the Clan Ewing in AmericaIreland research report in 1995. First from E.W.R. Ewing:
Many of the progenitors of the Ewings of America came to this countrydirectly from Ireland. They were Scotch, nevertheless.
For one or more generations these branches of our forefathers sojournedin the Province of Ulster, which comprises the northern part and aboutone-third of Ireland. Most of the ancestors of the Virginia and Marylandfamilies were born in or near Londonderry, the capital of CountyLondonderry, Ulster, Ireland. Others were born in Coleraine, or nearthere, the important seaport of Londonderry County; and yet others wereborn elsewhere in Ulster. Perhaps a few of our family ancestors were bornin Scotland and came to America by way of Ireland. As are other Scotchwhose ancestral footprints lead through Ireland, those of our ancestorswho descended from the Ireland sojourners are known as Scotch-Irish,though as a rule there was none of the old Irish stock in their veins.
The story of the Scots settlement in Ulster is interesting andindispensable to an understanding of the history of those days, but thestory is too long for these pages. We here but can observe that theconflict in Ireland for both civil and religious supremacy plunged fromone phase to another until the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603. To nophase of the struggle is more to be attributed than to the gallinggrapple between Protestantism and Romanism. That year James I, alreadyking of Scotland and James VI, ascended the English throne as the commonruler of the two countries. As James was Catholic in sympathy, the IrishCatholics took heart and defied the laws forbidding worship after theircustoms. But Parliament in 1605 renewed a law known as the act ofsupremacy, and also the law requiring attendance on the Protestantchurch. Naturally the troubles increased. Intrigue and disloyalty to theking and to the English government spread. In 1605 two earls of Ulster,who claimed title to the lands under the English law, were detected inplots which James regarded as seditious. They escaped to France. James atonce took advantage of this to declare the Ulster lands escheated to thecrown. The people by thousands were ejected from these lands and in mostcases forced to flee to the mountains. Many wandered "gypsie-fashion"among the inhospitable hills; and such as could fled the island.
Fire, sword, starvation, "with a ferocity which surpassed that of Alva inthe Netherlands, and has seldom been exceeded in the pages of history,"were all used to exterminate the Irish. "Not only the men," adds Lecky,"but even the women and children who fell into the hands of the English,were deliberately and systematically butchered." (1 History of Ireland,5; 1 Hanna, The Scotch-Irish, 485; and other standard authorities. Readthe full story as Lecky gives it.)
The bodies of the dead people "lay all over the country unburied,"elucidates Woodburn (The Ulster Scot, 487), following the originalauthorities. The awful story, surpassed only by that written in blood bythe Germans in the great war which William kindled in 1914, is not onlyhistory, but it serves to make us prouder of our Cymric Scotch.
Scotch and English Protestants were induced to accept the escheatedlands. Large numbers came. Those of them who could bring others astenants and make extensive improvements were known as "undertakers,"because they undertook specific duties. A few of the Irish remained astenants, but from that event, known as the "Ulster Plantation," Ulsterbecame and remains largely Protestant. The Scotch "undertakers" and theirtenants from Scotland greatly outnumbered the English. Hannah says thatfrom 1606 to 1618 between thirty thousand and forty thousand emigrantswent from Scotland to Ulster. (1 The Scotch Irish, 504). Those Scotchemigrants were of the best blood, descendants of the original CelticLowlanders and border Highlanders,--generally Celt interbred with Saxon.They are sometimes maligned by early writers; but the available evidenceestablishes the fact that they were the best people of that day, alert,virile, brave, aggressive, industrious, shrewd, intellectual, andgenerally of the Covenanter Presbyterian faith; and measured by thestandards of that day, sanely and cleanly religious. Those colonists did"not leave Scotland until after two of its famous covenants [for theperpetuation of Protestant religion] had been signed" (C. S. Lobinger,The People's Law, 62). If not in all cases signers of those covenants oroaths to aid in perpetuating the Protestant faith as they held it, theywere in full sympathy with the purposes of those obligations, andsupported the doctrines they embodied. Macaulay, in his History ofEngland, says those colonists, soon augmented many times, "were proud oftheir Saxon blood and of their Protestant faith." Among the first ofthose emigrants were many whose names their descendants made famous laterin America.
Some Ewings, claiming descent from our Scotch clan, were there before theplantation movement began. Papers in the court house in Lifford, theassize town of Donegal County, show that in 1603 a license was issued toDavid Ewing of Cavan, authorizing him to plant trees, as elsewhere isseen. Aside from its interest genealogically, this suggests a curiouscondition of governmental supervision.
The new comers built towns, one of the earliest being Londonderry,destined to become famous, and another Coleraine, fostered industries,one of the most profitable of which was the growth of flax; andprosperity rapidly rewarded their labors.
Neither those Scotch nor their immediate descendants intermarried withthe old Irish. However, upon what I regard as not satisfactory evidence,except as showing negligible instances, it is said that after a time theScots "intermarried to some extent with the native Irish, who becameProtestants" (Woodburn, The Ulster Scot, 26). As Woodburn points out,Geo. Chalmers (1 Caledonia, 358) followed by some others, insists thatmany of the Scotch who settled in Ireland during any of the plantationperiod were the descendants of the Scots who had emigrated to Argyllshirein the seventy century. "But this cannot be proved," Woodburn correctlysays; and the best evidence indicates that the Ulster Scotch blood wasmainly Anglo-Briton from the northern regions of old Strathclyde, as werethe Ulster Ewings from whom we descend. In a somewhat compromise spiritWoodburn says that the conclusion is a safe one that the Ulster Scotch"must have had at least as much Celtic blood as Teutonic" (The UlsterScot, 25); but, whatever the degree, the Celt in the Ulster Scot was ofthe Briton Lowlands and not the Scots or Gaelic of the Highlands.Religious beliefs, racial traits, and, above all, the fact that the Irishhad been evicted from their lands (unjustly as measured by the higherstandards of our day) kept the tow races apart. Very soon, to distinguishthem from other Scotch in Scotland, they were called Scotch-Irish, therein Ireland, meaning a Scotchman living in Ireland. The designation tothis day follows their descendants, and now generally means those who aredescendants of those early Lowland Scotch who settled in Ulster alongwith the other Protestants who were turned toward Ireland by King James'"plantation" offer. As suggested by the late Whitelaw Reid, the termUlster Scot would be less misleading and more descriptive. However, "Theyare 'Scotch-Irish,' i.e., Scotch people living upon or born upon Irishsoil, but not mixed with the native people. Their ancestors, many of whocame to Ireland nearly two hundred and fifty years ago, were Scotch. Theycame in a body, they kept in a body, and they remain in a body, or aclass by themselves, largely, to this day. . . . They stuck together andkept aloof from the native Celtic Irish. They were surrounded by thesharp dividing lines of religious faith and by keen differences of race"(L. A. Morrison, A. M., Among the Scotch-Irish, 38).
Presbyterians from the strenuous Covenanter days, we find our family nameupon the congregational "registers of births, marriages, baptisms andburials," left by the oldest Presbyterian churches of Ireland. Not all,no doubt, got into these registers; but enough did to make those oldregisters valuable aids to Ewing genealogy. There is the old register ofDerry (Londonderry) Cathedral Congregation, published as volume eleven ofthe parish registers publication by the Doublin Parish Register Society.Unfortunately several of its pages are missing. In the Preface it is said:
"The register contains some curiosities in the way of spelling, and thecontrast between these and what is often good handwriting shews howlittle importance was then attached to oarthography."
This observation is true of other registers.
(There is some contrast today between the spelling of shew in Ireland andshow in America!)
Therefore, when we find our family name spelled once Yeowen, and now andthen Ewin, though as a rule Ewing, as, for instance in the Burt register,we feel rather surprised at the pertinacity of the Ewing spelling.
In the Derry Cathedral congregation register we find that Frances,daughter of William Ewin, merchant, was born in Londonderry December 1,1653. William Ewin was a witness to a marriage in 1654, not long afterthe register was begun. July 17, 1655, William Ewing witnessed amarriage. After "bancs" (banns) were published three several Lord's daysbefore the Londonderry Congregation, Elizabeth Ewing being present, shewas married. Frances, daughter of William Ewin, was born December 8,1653; William Ewing, son of William Ewing, was baptized May 27,1655;Alexander, son of William Ewing, was born October 3, 1656; Patrick, sonof William Ewing, was born November 11, 1657; and so on, Joshua,Nathaniel, Rachel, all the family names are there and are repeated fromgeneration to generation. For instance:
John, son of Alexander Ewing and Margaret, was buried 1682.
Elizabeth, daughter of John Ewine and Katherine, his wife, was buriedMay, 1683.
Katherine, wife of John Ewine, was buried October, 1684.
Martha, daughter of John Ewing and Janet, his wife, was buried September30, 1691.
Sarah, daughter of John Ewing and Jenitt, his wife, was buried October17, 1693.
John, son of Elizabeth Ewing, widow, was buried July, 1695.
James, son of John Ewing and Jenitt, was buried April, 1697.
William Ewine and Agnes Anderson were married October, 1683.
William, son of John Porter and Margaret, his wife, was buried November,1683.
William Ewine and Agnes Anderson were married November, 1683.
Jane, the wife of William Ewing, "Serjent," was "bird" July 13, 1701.
Mary, daughter of Humphrey Ewing, is mentioned.
"Mr. Samuel Ewing was 'bired' August 3, 1771.
James, son of Joshua Ewin and wife, May, was buried October, 1703.
John, son of John Ewin and wife, Jenatt, was buried March, 1700.
Robert, son of Alexander Ewing, was born 1654.
Nathaniel Ewing was born 1684.
Nathaniel, son of Samuel Ewing and Katherine, was buried December, 1691.
William, son of John and Mary Eweings, was christened in St. Peter andSt. Kevin, Dublin, August 7, 1758.
Maryanne, daughter of Richard and May Ewing, was born 1745.
James Ewing in 1700 was buried at St. Catherines, Dublin.
George Ewing was one of the church officials in Parish of St. Andrew,Dublin, 1733-'34,
as disclosed by the publications of the Dublin Parish, Register Society.Pat.
Ewing was a church warder in Dublin in 1734.
Ewing, Alexander, Elizabeth, Frances, Humphrey, Isabell, James, Janett,John, Joseph, Joshua,
Katharine, Margaret, Martha, Nathaniel, Patrick, Robert, Samuel, Sara,Thomas, are all
found in these old registers.
John Ewing and Isabell Nelson married November 18, 1658.
Isabell, daughter of John Ewing, was baptized January, 1658.
"John Ewing, Isabell Ewing and Katherine Hackett, gossips," says thelaconic record of March 25, 1664.
The Burt congregation, near Londonderry, has an old register containingbirths, marriages, baptisms, and burials from 1677 to 1716. So far it hasnot been published. It is invaluable, and all the more so because earlyrecords, both church and state, are incomplete and not plentiful, Irishauthorities tell me. J. W. Kernohan, Honorable Secretary of thePresbyterian Historical Society of Ireland, had the Ewing entries foundin the old Burt register transcribed for me, and I give them below as hesent them. Spelling, capitalization, etc., were faithfully copied. At thetime there was no one in that section, he told me, who made a professionof genealogical research; and I was fortunate to get Mr. Kernohan'sintelligent cooperation. Of this old register he wrote: "It is one of thefew manuscript books of so early a date . . . There are very few printedbooks that would help you."
Many of the persons mentioned did not live in Burt, but near there, asthe register in many cases gives the place of residence, thus, forinstance: Ffawn (Fahan); Elah (Elagh); Elaghmore, &c. That old record hasthe following:
Marriages.
1691 March 2--Patrick Ewing and Elizabeth Ewing.
1692 May 24--Richard Porter and Helen Ewing.
1694-'95 January 1--ffinlay Ewing and Agnas Morison.
1697 August 12--Patrick Ewing and Margaret Cocheran.
1698 November 22--Daniel Smith and Kathren Ewing
1701 September 4--John Ewing and Janet Micklevenny.
1704 March 30--Robert Porter and Jean Ewing
1704 October 19--William Ewing and Janet Culbert.
1706 April 28--James Desart and Elizabeth Ewing
1709 August 11--John Ewing and Anna Craige.
1709 December 15--George Ewing and Elinor Gibson.
1711 July 3--Samuel Ewing and Mary Thompson.
1714 November 25--Mr. Joshua Ewing and Mrs. Sarah Ferguson.
Baptisms.
1677 April 8--Jean daughter to ffinlay Ewing
1678 Appryle 10--Finly Ewing in Inch had a child baptized called Jean.
1680 April 10--William son to Finly Ewing in Inch
1681 May 10--James son to Finly Ewing (Inch).
1690 October 10--Thomas son to ffinlay Yowen in ffaan [Fahan].
1692/93 January 15--Robert son to ffinlay Ewing in ffawn.
father's name child's name
1694/95 February 24--ffinlay Ewing, (ffawn), Mary.
1695/96 March 12--ffinlay Ewing, junr. (ffawn), Jean.
1699-1700 March 20--Finlay Ewing, junr. (ffawn), not given.
1701/'02 March 18--Finlay Ewing, junr. (ffawn), not given.
1678 March 26--Margaret daughter to Robert Ewing.
1678 November 17--Elizabeth daughter to Robert Ewing (Elaugh Begg), thatis Elagh Beg.
1679/80 January 18--Alexander son to Robert Ewing (Elaugh Beg).
1693 May 17--Mary daughter to Robert Ewing in Inch.
1701 June 22--Robert Ewing (Inch) had Ja: [baptized].
1703 November 14--Robert Ewing, . . . James.
1704 April 27--Robert Ewing (Inch) Janet.
1709 May 15--Robert Ewing (Inch) Sarah.
1679 November 6--Mary daughter to James Ewing.
1680 June 6--John son to James Ewing.
1680/81 January 9--John son to James Ewing.
1682 October 8--Samuel son to James Ewing.
1682 October 29--James son to James Ewing (Elah) [Elagh].
1694/95 March 10--James Ewing (Elaugh) Jean.
1697 May 24--James Ewing (Inch) Ester.
1697 September 26--James Ewing (Elagh) Kathren.
1698/99 January 22--James Ewing (Inch) John.
1700 October 23--James Ewing (Elagh) Umphra.
1701 August 11--James Ewing (Inch) Henry and Samuel.
1703 September 11--James Ewing (Elaghmore) Ja:.
1704 November 5--James Ewing (Inch) Thomas.
1706 June 21--James Ewing (Elaghmore) James?
1680 September 19--Elizabeth daughter to John Ewing
1680/81 February 6--William son to John Ewing.
1682 December 24--James son to John Ewing at Castle qrter of Elah(Castlequarter of Elagh).
1694 July 1--Jean daughter to John Ewing in Carnshanaugh.
1703 October 14--John Ewing (Carnshanaugh) had John [baptized].
1705/6 January 20--John Ewing (Carnshannagh) had Mary [baptized].
1712/13 March 2--John Ewing (Inch) had Thomas [baptized].
1680/81 February 24--George son to William Ewing.
1682 April 2--Frances son to William Ewing
1686/87 March 18--Kathrin daughter of William Ewing and Mary Boggs inTuban Currah
in parish of Fawn
Children were: Thomas EWING, William EWING, Captain Findley EWING.
Joel EWING is reference number 784. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Phebe SAYRE.
Joel EWING died in in infancy. He is reference number 791. Parents: Thomas EWING , Jr. and Sarah VICKARS.
John EWING is reference number 803. Parents: Thomas EWING , Sr. and Mary MASKELL.
Joshua EWING is reference number 805. Parents: Thomas EWING , Sr. and Mary MASKELL.
Joshua Green EWING is reference number 347.
Spouse: Sarah Ann MORGAN. Joshua Green EWING and Sarah Ann MORGAN were married on 9 Feb 1826.
Lydia EWING is reference number 804. Parents: Thomas EWING , Sr. and Mary MASKELL.
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